{0}} N-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni gaw hpa ni rai kun?
Refractory materials ngu ai gaw, nbung katsi ai hte n-gun kaba ai hpe hkam sharang lu ai arung arai ni hpe tsun mayu ai, shanhte a hkum hkrang hte tsi mawan ni hpe nbung katsi ai masa hta ngang grin hkra galaw lu ai..
{0}} Madung n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni gaw hpa ni rai kun?
Acidic refractory materials: silica nlung ni zawn re ai, madung daw gaw silicon dioxide. rai nga ai.
Neutral n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni: aluminum lung seng ni hte magnesia aluminum lung seng ni zawn re ai ni, madung daw ni gaw aluminum oxide hte magnesia aluminum spelel. ni rai nga ai.
Madung n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni: magnesia lung seng zawn re ai, madung daw gaw magnesium oxide. hpe re.
Laksan n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni: silicon carbide hte silicon nitride arung arai ni, dai ni hta laksan atsam nga ai n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-nga ai.
{0}} Refractory arung arai ni a madung bungli galaw ai lam ni gaw hpa ni rai kun?
Refractoriness: n-gun n rawng ai sha, nbung katsi ai hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam hpe n-gun jaw ai lam n re.
Load softening temperature: nbung katsi ai hte n-gun kaba ai action a npu e, arung arai langai hpe n-gun shayawm hpang wa ai nbung katsi ai lam hpe n-gun jaw ai.
Thermal shock hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam: n-gun n rawng ai sha lawan ai hku nbung katsi ai hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam gaw.}}}}
Erosion hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam: n-gun n rawng ai, hka lim ai, gas, etc.} hpe n-gun ja ai nbung katsi ai shara ni hta n-gun n-gun n-nga ai hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam hpe n-gun jaw lu ai.
Katsi ai n-gun kaba: nbung katsi ai shara hta jak rung n-gun hpe n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun n-gun hpe n-gun jaw lu ai atsam hpe n-gun jaw lu ai..
{0}} N seng ai arung arai ni a jai lang ai shara ni gaw hpa ni rai kun?
Metallurgical hpaga lam: wan wut ai wan wut ai shara, galai shai ai jak, hpaw da ai wan wut, wan n-ga wan n-ga, etc...
Glass hpaga lam: glass kiln lining, molten pool zawn re ai ni zawn re ai ni hpe galaw ai.
Cement hpaga lam: rotary kiln, pre oiter, cooler, etc.{0}}.
Ceramic hpaga lam: gap sat ai, dryer, etc.{.0}}.
{0}} N-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni a magam bungli prat hpe gara hku jat na kun?
Teng man ai arung arai ni hpe lata la u: bungli galaw ai masa ni hte maren, dai hte maren galaw ai n-gun n rawng ai arung arai hpe lata la u. hpe lata la u.
Tengman ai gawgap ladat: nlung n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun (refractorry hpaji), binders ni hpe jai lang ai zawn re ai n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai arung arai ni hpe gawgap ai atsam hpe sadi ra ai.
Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni hpe ayan jep joi nna, gram lajang na, aten hta hkra machyi ai daw ni hpe gram lajang na ..
Control process parameters: nbung katsi ai lam hte chemical htum mat ai lam hpe shayawm kau nna, nbung hpe hkang ai lam ni hpe hkang ai lam ni rai nga ai..
{0}} kabai kau ai n-hkap la ai arung arai ni hpe gara hku hparan na?
Recycling hte bai jai lang ai lam: N san seng ai n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni hpe crushing, screening hte kaga ladat ni hku nna galaw ngut ai hpang, galaw shapraw ai lam hta bai jai lang ai. hta bai jai lang ai.
Landfill tsi lajang ai lam: N-gun n rawng ai n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni a matu, n-gun n rawng ai ni hpe n-gun jaw lu ai.}.
Hkum tsup ai hku jai lang ai lam: N kaja ai n-gun n rawng ai arung arai nkau mi hpe kaga bungli ni rai nga ai nta gawgap ai arung arai. zawn re ai ni hta jai lang mai ai.
{0}} Alumina lung seng kaba gaw hpa rai ta?
Alumina lung seng kaba gaw, aluminum grai law ai n-gun n rawng ai lung seng langai mi rai nna, shi a madung daw gaw, aluna (Al₂O₃){0}} kaw nna, n-gun ja ai alumina lung seng gaw, n-gun ja ai hte nbung laru hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam kaba nga ai, n-gun ja ai n-gun rawng ai hpaga lam ni hta, metallurgy, glass, cement{{2} zawn re ai, n-gun ja ai bungli ni hta grai law hkra jai lang ai.
{0}} Silicon gaw n-gun n rawng ai arung arai ni gaw hpa rai ta?
Silicon carbide refractory material gaw silicon carbide (SiC) lawm ai laksan n-gun n rawng ai arung arai langai mi rai nga ai. Shi a n-gun grai ja ai, nbung n-gun grai ja ai, nbung laru hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam kaja ai hte chemical n-gun n-gun hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam kaba nga ai, n-gun ja ai wan wut, metallurgical furnaces, chemical arung arai ni, etc.. hta lang chye ai.
